Bulgaria Launches Sea Trials for Advanced MMPV 90 Multi-Role Frigate Hrabri

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Bulgaria has officially launched sea trials for its first multi-role frigate, the MMPV 90 Hrabri, in the Black Sea in early November 2025. This milestone marks a significant step in the modernization of the Bulgarian Navy, strengthening the country’s maritime defense capabilities and reinforcing its commitments to NATO security in the region. The frigate represents a new era for Bulgaria’s naval forces, combining advanced weaponry, sensors, and aviation facilities into a compact yet powerful platform.

Photo: Bulgarian MoD

Modernization of the Bulgarian Navy with MMPV 90 Frigates

The Hrabri is the first of two MMPV 90 frigates ordered by Bulgaria from the German shipbuilding company NVL Group. The second vessel is scheduled for completion in 2026. This procurement program is part of Bulgaria’s broader defense modernization strategy, aimed at enhancing interoperability with NATO allies and ensuring readiness to counter emerging threats in the Black Sea, a region of increasing geopolitical tension.

General Specifications of the MMPV 90 Frigate

The MMPV 90 frigate is designed to deliver versatility and endurance in modern naval operations. The Hrabri measures 90 meters in length and has a displacement of 2,300 tons. Powered by a CODAD propulsion system with two diesel engines, the vessel can exceed speeds of 21 knots while maintaining an endurance of up to 6,000 nautical miles. The frigate is manned by a crew of 50 to 60 personnel, ensuring efficient operation with a relatively small complement compared to larger warships.

Advanced Armament for Multi-Role Operations

The Hrabri is equipped with a formidable array of weapons systems to address multiple threats. Its primary armament includes an OTO 76mm main gun, capable of engaging surface and aerial targets. For anti-ship warfare, the frigate carries two twin launchers for SAAB RBS15 Mk3 surface-to-surface missiles, providing long-range strike capability against hostile vessels. Air defense is ensured by an 8-cell Vertical Launching System (VLS) for MBDA VL MICA surface-to-air missiles, offering protection against aircraft and incoming missiles. Close-in defense is provided by the Rheinmetall Oerlikon Millennium Gun 35mm CIWS, while two 324mm torpedo launching systems enhance the ship’s anti-submarine warfare capabilities.

Sensors and Combat Systems Enhancing Situational Awareness

The frigate integrates advanced combat systems to maximize operational effectiveness. The Saab 9LV Combat Management System (CMS) serves as the core of its command and control, enabling seamless coordination of sensors and weapons. The vessel is fitted with the Saab Sea Giraffe AMB multifunction radar with integrated Identification Friend or Foe (IFF), supported by two navigation radars. Fire control is managed by the Saab CEROS 200 radar, while electro-optical targeting is provided by the EOS 500 director. For electronic warfare, the ship employs the Saab SME-series Electronic Support Measures (ESM) system. Anti-submarine detection is facilitated by a hull-mounted sonar, and survivability is enhanced through the Rheinmetall MASS decoy system.

Aviation and Launch Facilities Expanding Operational Reach

The Hrabri is designed to operate both manned and unmanned aerial assets. It features a hangar and flight deck capable of supporting a Eurocopter AS565MB Panther helicopter, which can be deployed for anti-submarine warfare, search and rescue, or reconnaissance missions. Additionally, the frigate has facilities for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), expanding its surveillance and operational flexibility. For rapid deployment of fast craft, the vessel carries two RHIBs located amidships and a stern ramp, enabling swift boarding operations or maritime interdiction missions.

Strategic Importance of the Hrabri in the Black Sea

The commissioning of the Hrabri represents a major leap forward for Bulgaria’s naval power projection. With the Black Sea increasingly becoming a focal point of regional security challenges, the frigate provides Bulgaria with enhanced capabilities to safeguard its territorial waters, contribute to NATO maritime operations, and deter potential adversaries. The combination of advanced weaponry, sensors, and aviation support makes the MMPV 90 class a versatile platform capable of addressing threats across air, surface, and subsurface domains.

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